// FULL REFERENCE
The Morse alphabet, letter by letter.
The international Morse code (ITU-R M.1677-1) covers 26 letters, 10 digits, and 6 punctuation signs. Each letter has its own di-daa rhythm — click a tile for the dedicated page with audio, mnemonic and examples.
The 26 letters
The most frequent letters (E, T, A, I, M, N) have the shortest codes — that's the very essence of Morse, designed in 1837 to minimise telegraph transmission time.
A·−alpha: di-daaB−···battery: daa-di-di-diC−·−·coca-cola: daa-di-daa-diD−··danger: daa-di-diE·echo: a very short soundF··−·fluffy: di-di-daa-diG−−·grandpa: daa-daa-diH····hee hee hee hee: di-di-di-diI··indy: di-diJ·−−−I have won: di-daa-daa-daaK−·−kayak: daa-di-daaL·−··lemonade: di-daa-di-diM−−mama: daa-daaN−·no: daa-diO−−−ohhhh: daa-daa-daaP·−−·papa-petite: di-daa-daa-diQ−−·−questionnaire: daa-daa-di-daaR·−·radio: di-daa-diS···snake: di-di-diT−train: one long soundU··−urgent: di-di-daaV···−victory: di-di-di-daaW·−−wagon: di-daa-daaX−··−xylophone: daa-di-di-daaY−·−−yo-yo long: daa-di-daa-daaZ−−··zorro fast: daa-daa-di-di
The 10 digits
Digits follow a clean pattern: 5 symbols each, smoothly transitioning from five dots (5) to five dashes (0).
0−−−−−Five dashes — the long zone.1·−−−−One dot, four dashes: "the 1 leads, the 4 follow".2··−−−Two dots, three dashes — the off-centre split.3···−−Three dots, two dashes — middle exactly.4····−Four dots, one dash — almost all short.5·····Five dots — infinity counted.6−····One dash, four dots — mirror of 4.7−−···Two dashes, three dots — mirror of 3.8−−−··Three dashes, two dots — mirror of 2.9−−−−·Four dashes, one dot — mirror of 1.
Punctuation
Punctuation is rarely used in amateur CW; prosigns AR (end of message) and BT (paragraph break) are preferred.